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Epilepsy, a short-circuit of the brain

Epilepsy is caused by a malfunctioning electrical circuits in the brain. The crisis caused by overheating such cases tetany spectacular or simple absences. Very often, the cause of the crisis remains unknown.

For years, people with epilepsy were treated as lepers. It was thought that the person with the disease was simply possessed by the devil. Over the centuries, the disease is becoming better known, attitudes have changed. Today, most people with epilepsy are treated effectively to limit the size and frequency of attacks.
Epilepsy?

Epilepsy is a neurological disease fairly common (450 000 people suffering in France). This disease is caused by abnormal operation, acute and transient electrical activity in the brain. This defect in the electrical circuit resulting in seizures, which can take several forms depending on the patient's age mainly.

If the disease in children most often takes the form of simple absences in adults: the crisis is much more visible and spectacular (so-called tonic-clonic crisis). It leads to tetany (stiffness) of the body as well as seizures, loss of consciousness, tongue biting, an inability to resist s'uriner above, a cessation of breathing ... The crisis usually lasts a few seconds to several minutes. She goes off by itself without specific treatment. The diagnosis of epilepsy can not be made at the first crisis. A person is considered after repeated epileptic seizures during a certain time of life.

The causes of epilepsy are difficult to find. In about 40% of cases, epilepsy is caused by a brain lesion (congenital malformation, encephalitis, sequelae of pain at birth, head injury, stroke, tumors ...). In 5-10% of cases, the crisis is genetic. The mass consumption of certain video games can also lead to cause seizures. In the vast majority of cases the cause can not be formally identified. For diagnosis, neurologists or neuro-paediatricians, specialists in epilepsy have used a whole battery of additional tests. The first review is an electroencephalogram (EEG) which measures the electrical activity of the brain. When an abnormality is found, the patient may have to take a scan or an MRI to investigate a possible tumor or brain malformation.

Health is important - The treatment of epilepsy

Current treatments of epilepsy are in most cases effective, since they reduce very significantly the abnormal electrical brain hyperactivity. These treatments are primarily drug and should be taken for long runs without crash. In 80% of cases the treatments are completely eliminate the seizures but the risk of relapse remain significant after stopping treatment. The remaining 20% ​​are forms of diseases called drug-resistant epilepsy. Seizures persist despite all attempts at drug treatment. In 5-6% of drug-resistant epilepsy, the chance of a surgical procedure that involves removing the area responsible for the electrical discharge can be attempted.
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